The speed of any computer decreases over time. To combat this negative trend, it’s important to perform regular maintenance. The solution to frequent freezes depends on the root cause of the issue.
Reasons for Computer Slowdowns
Computers can freeze due to both external and internal factors. External causes include slow browser performance due to issues with the router or internet provider. Other causes are related to hardware or software installed on the computer.
Software-Related Issues
There are many software-related reasons for a computer to freeze. Here are three common examples:
- Games: Games are resource-intensive applications. Developers specify the system requirements needed for smooth gameplay. If your PC is underpowered, you may experience lag or freezes.
- Pirated Software: Pirated programs often work fine, but hackers sometimes add extra features that increase the load on your hardware. Alternatively, installing such software with default settings may add unwanted programs, causing your computer to freeze.
- Browsers: Browsers can slow down if used for a long time without clearing the cache, leading to thousands of small files that hinder performance. Clearing the cache will require re-logging into websites.
- Another reason is installing too many plugins, such as ad blockers, VPNs, or security software.
- Opening dozens of tabs can also overwhelm the browser, making it hard to find the right one. For example, if you are sports betting and open Netflix at the same time, the pages may start uploading too slowly.
Insufficient Computing Power
The performance of new computers is rapidly increasing. Models that were impressive during the Windows 7 era struggle to run applications designed for Windows 11. If your PC was rarely used and well-maintained, it might still boot up after 10-15 years, but it won’t handle modern software well.
Upgrading an old PC is often not worth it—it’s better to buy a new one, as motherboards also become outdated. When buying new hardware, consider the pace of technological advancement. Opting for the cheapest, weakest model is rarely a good idea.
Junk Files
Over time, temporary files accumulate on your disk, which Windows doesn’t automatically delete. You can remove this clutter in two ways:
Manually
- Avoid keeping too many small files on your desktop—it strains your RAM and makes finding icons harder.
- Delete all files in the TMP and TEMP folders, no matter where they’re located.
- Empty the Recycle Bin regularly. You can clear it entirely or selectively by sorting files by date.
- Clean the “Downloads” folder, where files from the internet accumulate.
- If the WinSxS folder exceeds 10 GB, clean it using the command: Dism /StartComponentCleanup.
Using Software
- Use Windows’ built-in “Disk Cleanup” tool, focusing on options like memory dumps and files from failed OS updates.
- Third-party programs like CCleaner can also help. Stick to recommended settings to avoid accidentally deleting important files.
Disk Fragmentation
Fragmentation occurs when a large file is split into multiple parts on a hard drive, slowing down read times. Defragmentation reorganizes these files for faster access.
- HDDs: Defragmentation is useful for traditional hard drives.
- SSDs: Avoid defragmenting SSDs, as it reduces their lifespan. SSDs are faster but have a limited number of write cycles.
You can defragment using Windows’ built-in tools or third-party software like Defraggler.
Viruses and Malware
Malware is another common cause of computer freezes. Examples include:
- Cryptominers: These viruses use your CPU and GPU to mine cryptocurrency, slowing down your system even when idle.
- Browser Hijackers: These open multiple tabs or pop-ups, overloading your browser
While Windows 10’s built-in Microsoft Defender improves security, it’s not foolproof. Installing third-party antivirus software is a good idea.
Dusty Components
Dust buildup in laptops or desktops can cause overheating, leading to freezes. Clean fans and vents regularly to maintain proper cooling and extend hardware life.
How to Fix a Slow Computer
Now that we’ve covered the causes, here are some practical solutions:
Restart Your Computer
If your computer freezes:
- Press Ctrl + Alt + Del.
- Open the Task Manager.
- Right-click the unresponsive program and select “End Task.”
If the Task Manager doesn’t open, try restarting through the Start menu. For a complete freeze:
- Press the Reset button on your PC case.
- Hold the power button to force a shutdown.
- Use the power supply switch or unplug the computer.
Note: Forced shutdowns may result in unsaved work being lost.
Close Resource-Intensive Applications
Use the Task Manager to identify and close programs using too much RAM. Disable unnecessary startup programs to free up resources.
Clean Up Junk and Defragment
Use CCleaner to clean your disk:
- Download it from the official site.
- Disable options related to the Recycle Bin during installation.
- Run a standard cleanup.
For defragmentation:
- Use Windows’ built-in tool or a program like Defraggler.
- Defragment after cleaning to avoid moving unnecessary files.
Scan for Viruses
If your computer slows down due to a cryptominer:
- Use DrWeb Curelt or Avast to scan your system.
- Avoid downloading software from unofficial sources.
Clean Dust from Components
For desktops, remove dust with a vacuum. For laptops, consider professional servicing if you’re not experienced with hardware.
Additional Tips
- Driver Issues: Incompatible or faulty drivers can cause freezes. Roll back updates or reinstall drivers.
- Hard Drive Wear: HDDs slow down as they age. Consider upgrading to an SSD.
- Hardware Failure: If your computer is over 10 years old and constantly freezes, it may be time for a new one.
By addressing these issues, you can keep your computer running smoothly and extend its lifespan.
